小学一年级上册体育教案

课题: 快乐小士兵——队列与队形练习(第一课时)

小学一年级上册体育教案
(图片来源网络,侵删)

授课年级: 小学一年级 授课教师: [教师姓名] 授课时间: 40分钟


教学目标

  1. 知识与技能目标:

    • 初步学习并掌握“立正”、“稍息”、“原地踏步”等基本队列动作的要领。
    • 能够听懂并执行“向前看齐”、“向前看”的口令,初步形成排队意识。
    • 通过游戏,发展学生的协调性、反应能力和节奏感。
  2. 过程与方法目标:

    • 通过情景创设、模仿练习和游戏竞赛等方式,引导学生主动参与,体验体育活动的乐趣。
    • 培养学生观察、模仿和自我控制的能力。
  3. 情感态度与价值观目标:

    • 培养学生遵守纪律、听从指挥、团结协作的良好品质。
    • 建立积极的自我认同,体验成为一名“合格小士兵”的自豪感。

教学重难点

  • 教学重点:

    • “立正”姿势的正确性(头正、身直、肩平、并腿)。
    • “原地踏步”时手臂的摆动与腿部抬起的协调配合。
  • 教学难点:

    • 一年级学生注意力不易集中,如何将枯燥的队列练习变得生动有趣。
    • 学生在“稍息”状态下保持身体不随意晃动。
    • 排队时保持间距,不推挤、不说话。

教学准备

  • 场地: 平整的操场或体育馆。
  • 器材:
    • 口哨一个。
    • 录音机或便携式音箱,播放节奏感强的背景音乐(如《运动员进行曲》或儿童歌曲)。
    • 用粉笔或标志桶在场地一端画好“军营”(集合点),另一端画好“训练场”(游戏区)。
    • 小贴纸或小印章作为奖励。

教学过程

(一) 开始部分:整队,情景导入 (约5分钟)

  1. 课堂常规 (1分钟)

    • 教师活动: 吹哨集合,师生问好。
    • 学生活动: 听到哨声,迅速跑到指定地点(军营),按高矮顺序站成四列横队。
    • 教师语言: “小朋友们,早上好!我们的体育课要变身啦!我们都来当一名光荣的‘小士兵’,老师是你们的‘司令官’,你们有信心成为一名优秀的小士兵吗?”(激发学生兴趣)
  2. 情景导入与热身 (4分钟)

    • 教师活动: “小士兵们,在正式开始训练前,我们先活动一下身体,准备迎接挑战!”
    • 热身操(模仿操):
      • 头部运动: “小士兵们,看看天上的飞机!”(双手平举,左右转头)
      • 扩胸运动: “准备上膛!”(双臂胸前平屈,向后振臂)
      • 腰部运动: “看看我们左边的战友,再看看右边的战友!”(双手叉腰,左右转腰)
      • 腿部运动: “原地踏步走!”(高抬腿,手臂自然摆动)
      • 跳跃运动: “跳过小水坑!”(双脚并拢,轻轻向上跳)
    • 学生活动: 跟随教师的口令和示范,积极模仿,全身活动开。
    • 设计意图: 通过情景化的模仿操,使学生在轻松愉快的氛围中充分活动开关节,预防运动损伤,同时保持“小士兵”的角色代入感。

(二) 基本部分:队列练习与游戏 (约25分钟)

  1. 队列动作学习 (15分钟)

    • ① 学习“立正” (3分钟)

      • 教师示范与讲解: “司令官现在教你们第一个本领——‘立正’!听好了:脚跟靠拢,脚尖分开约60度;挺胸收腹,抬头挺胸;双眼平视前方;双手五指并拢,自然贴于裤缝,像一棵挺拔的小松树!”
      • 学生练习: 学生原地模仿练习,教师巡视,逐一纠正,特别是“站不直”、“小肚子凸出来”等问题。
      • 趣味口令: “小松树,站得直!”“小小士兵,精神百倍!”
      • 评价与奖励: 对做得好的学生及时给予表扬和贴纸奖励。
    • ② 学习“稍息” (3分钟)

      • 教师示范与讲解: “太棒了!现在我们学第二个动作——‘稍息’,听到口令后,左脚向侧方跨出约一脚的距离,重心在两脚之间,双手背后,自然交叉,稍息的时候身体也要站直,不能随便晃动哦!”
      • 学生练习: 练习“立正”和“稍息”的转换,教师喊“立正!”,学生迅速站好;喊“稍息!”,学生动作到位。
      • 游戏巩固: “听口令,做相反动作”,教师喊“立正”,学生做“稍息”;教师喊“稍息”,学生做“立正”,看谁反应快,做得对!
    • ③ 学习“原地踏步” (5分钟)

      • 教师示范与讲解: “小士兵们,我们要开始行军了!原地踏步的口令是‘原地踏步——走!’听口令后,左脚开始,大腿抬高,与地面平行,手臂自然前后摆动,一!一!一!二!一!我们跟着节奏来!”
      • 分解练习:
        • 先练习手臂摆动:双手握拳,前后摆动。
        • 再练习腿部动作:原地高抬腿。
        • 最后配合口令,手脚协调练习。
      • 音乐配合: 播放《运动员进行曲》,让学生跟着音乐节奏踏步,感受集体行进的气势。
      • 教师指导: 纠正“同手同脚”、“身体僵硬”等问题,鼓励学生抬头挺胸,有精神。
    • ④ 学习“看齐” (4分钟)

      • 教师讲解与示范: “一个优秀的队伍,必须排得整整齐齐!现在学习‘向前看齐’,听到口令后,你们要小碎步快速调整,用眼睛看前面同学的肩膀,对齐!然后听到‘向前看’的口令,迅速将头摆正,看前方!”
      • 学生练习: 先从二列横队开始练习,再扩展到四列横队,教师先做基准,让学生模仿。
      • 教师指导: 强调“看肩”而不是“看头”,以及“小碎步”移动的重要性,防止推挤。
  2. 游戏:“小士兵过障碍” (10分钟)

    • 游戏规则:
      • 将学生分成4组,每组排成一列纵队。
      • 在“训练场”设置简单障碍(如:绕过标志桶、走过“独木桥”——画在地上的一条线、钻过“山洞”——教师用双手搭成的拱门)。
      • 游戏开始,各队第一名“小士兵”听到口令后,采用“原地踏步”的方式前进,依次完成所有障碍,然后跑回队伍,拍第二名同学的手,第二名同学出发。
      • 最先完成全队任务的队伍获胜。
    • 教师活动: 讲解游戏规则,担任裁判和安全员,为加油鼓劲。
    • 学生活动: 积极参与,遵守规则,体验团队合作的乐趣。
    • 设计意图: 将队列动作融入游戏中,检验学习成果,提高练习的趣味性和学生的综合运动能力。

(三) 结束部分:放松与小结 (约10分钟)

  1. 放松活动 (4分钟)

    • 教师活动: “小士兵们,今天的训练非常辛苦,现在我们一起来放松一下。”
    • 放松操:
      • 深呼吸: “吸气……呼气……”(双手上举吸气,放下呼气)
      • 拍打放松: “轻轻拍拍自己的手臂,再拍拍自己的大腿,把疲劳都拍掉。”
      • 同伴按摩: “请你轻轻帮你前面的同学捶捶背。”(注意安全和力度)
    • 学生活动: 跟随教师,身心放松。
  2. 课堂小结 (3分钟)

    • 教师活动:
      • 表扬今天表现优秀的学生和小组,发放小奖励。
      • 提问:“今天我们都学会了哪些本领呀?”(引导学生回顾:立正、稍息、原地踏步、看齐)
      • “今天所有的小士兵都非常棒,纪律性强,学得也快,希望大家以后在体育课上,都能像今天这样,听从指挥,团结一心,做一名爱运动、守纪律的好学生!”
    • 学生活动: 积极回答,分享收获。
  3. 整理与下课 (3分钟)

    • 教师活动: “小士兵们,解散!请各小组组长带领大家把器材送回器材室。”(或安排值日生)
    • 师生再见: “司令官和小士兵们,再见!”
    • 学生活动: 有序归还器材,与老师再见。

场地器材布局示意图


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